香蕉组培苗基质配方的筛选

以椰糠、砖红壤、有机肥和河沙作为基质材料,用正交法设定出16种配方,对巴西香蕉组培苗进行营养杯栽培试验,通过测试分析基质理化性状、幼苗叶片营养元素含量和生长指标,确定出最佳的基质配方。结果表明：椰糠与砖红壤是影响基质理化性状、植株生长与大中量养分积累的主要因素,砖红壤是影响微量元素锰、锌、镍、镉积累的主要因素,有机质是影响铜素积累的主要因素。椰糠混配处理显著改善了基质的pH值、容重等理化性状,促进了植株生长,增加了叶片养分积累。其中椰糠 ∶ 泥土 ∶ 有机肥 ∶ 河沙=4 ∶ 0 ∶ 0.05 ∶ 0.1     

阳江农场胶园土壤pH值与养分含量相关性分析

研究橡胶园土壤pH的分布状况,掌握pH变化对养分含量的影响,为橡胶园土壤养分高效利用及合理施肥提供理论指导。结果表明阳江农场胶园pH值范围是3.86～5.54,属强酸性土壤,pH值偏低对养分含量产生重要影响。pH值与速效钾呈极显著正相关性、与有机质呈极显著负相关性,与速效磷、全氮相关性不显著。另外,试验区养分含量普遍偏低,速效磷含量和速效钾含量主要在四级和五级水平,属缺乏。全氮和有机质含量主要在三级和四级水平,属中等水平。因此,建议在试验区施用适量的石灰来提高阳江农场胶园土壤的酸碱度,以利于土壤养分的释放。另外,还要重视有机肥的施用,提高土壤肥力,使土壤中各养分间达到动态平衡,以备橡胶树吸收利用。     

施肥对全膜双垄沟播玉米土壤养分动态变化的影响

采用大田随机区组试验法,研究了不同施肥水平下全膜双垄沟播玉米土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷的动态变化情况。结果表明:整个玉米生育时期0～20cm土层各处理的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷变化趋势与20～40cm土层基本一致。土壤有机质和碱解氮含量随着玉米生育时期的推进而不断降低,且分别在抽雄期和灌浆期达到最低值,成熟期有机质和碱解氮含量又略有回升。全磷含量从苗期到成熟期逐渐降低。全氮和速效磷含量在玉米生长前期不断增加,且分别在抽雄期和拔节期达到最大值,之后随着生育期的推进而不断降低。两个土层的土壤养分含量存在着明显的垂直递减规律。西北干旱半干旱地区全膜双垄沟播玉米种植密度确定为6.75×104株/hm-2时,最佳施肥量为纯N 210kg/hm2、P2O5168kg/hm2。     

揉丝微贮与传统青贮秸秆的微生物组成与营养成分分析

为比较玉米秸秆揉丝微贮饲料与传统青贮饲料中微生物与营养成分的差异,用常规实验室分析方法对其主要微生物数量及常规饲料营养成分进行了分析测定。结果表明,揉丝微贮饲料中乳酸菌数量比传统青贮饲料多1.54×1012 cfu/g(P<0.05),酵母菌、霉菌、放线菌和细菌的数量则比传统青贮饲料分别少2.21×107 cfu/g、1.23×106 cfu/g、4.12×106 cfu/g和3.11×104cfu/g(P<0.05);揉丝微贮饲料中无氮浸出物、粗纤维、中性及酸性洗涤纤维的含量与传统青贮饲料相比分别降低5.19%、2.34%、1.44%、1.64%,粗脂肪和粗蛋白的含量分别提高5.4%和1.14%,其中粗脂肪、粗纤维和无氮浸出物含量差异显著(P<0.05),粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量差异不显著(P>0.05),而水分、粗灰分、钙和磷的含量基本不变。玉米秸秆揉丝微贮与传统青贮饲料相比更优,值得推广。     

水淹胁迫对紫穗槐生长及营养元素积累的影响

通过对不同水淹条件下紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)植株营养生长及各组织中营养元素积累量的分析,发现紫穗槐在表面水淹条件下根系浅生化,半水淹条件下茎根生长不定根,近全淹条件下先生长茎后生出不定根来适应水淹胁迫。3个水淹处理组植株对氮、磷、钙、铁及锰的吸收表现为增益;对铜的吸收表现为降低;改变氮、磷、钙、锌和铜的分配以适应水淹逆境,均与对照组植株存在明显差异(P<0.05)。所有处理各营养元素的积累量均不低于植物正常生长水平,营养生长指标未见严重缺素症,表明紫穗槐可针对不同水淹条件选择最有效节能的适应机制,是优良的抗涝灌木种。     

玉树典型嵩草草甸植物及土壤特性初探

以青海玉树小嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)、藏嵩草(K.tibetica)健康草甸和退化草甸为研究对象,测定并分析比较了草甸的株高、盖度等植被特性和土壤有机质、土壤全氮、土壤全磷等土壤养分的变化规律,同时分析了环境因子对生物量的贡献率。结果表明,退化嵩草草甸植被盖度、植被高度和生草层厚度显著降低（P≤0.05）,鼠洞密度、裸地面积显著增加（P≤0.05）;退化嵩草草甸土壤含水量、土壤有机质和土壤全氮显著降低（P≤0.05）;土壤因子对生物量的贡献率最大,土壤因子与其它环境因子存在较高的多重共线性。以上结果说明,土壤因子质的改变是嵩草草甸退化最显著的特征。     

贵州都匀马尾松种子园针叶DRIS营养诊断分析

通过对都匀1．5代无性系种子园20年生马尾松针叶中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、B等营养元素含量变化的测定和分析,初步筛选出N／P、K／N、Ca／N、Mg／N、N／Cu、zn／N、N／Fe、K／P、Ca／P、P／Mg、P／Cu、P／Zn、Fe／P、K／Ca、K／Mg、K／Cu、K／Zn、Fe／K、Ca／Mg、Ca／Cu、Ca／Zn、Fe／Ca、MgJCu、Zn／Mg、Fe／Mg、Zn／Cu、Fe／Cu、Fe／Zn共28对元素比值为重要参数,对贵州都匀马尾松种子园针叶作DRIS营养诊断分析。结果表明,该地区马尾松针叶内Mn含量过高,平均值为767．01mg／kg,而B含量较低,仅为12．95mg／kg,马尾松的需肥顺序为Cu〉P〉Zn〉Mg〉Ca〉N〉K〉Fe。     

Effectiveness of sloping agricultural land technology on soil fertility status of mid-hills in Nepal

Hedgerows with intercropping systems were established at the ICIMOD test and demonstration site at Godawari to assess the effective-ness of Sloping Agricultural Land Technology (SALT) in reducing run-o...     

Phosphorus Enhanced Establishment,Growth, Nutrient Uptake,and Productivity of Dalbergia sissoo Seedlings Maintained at Varying Soil Water Stress Levels in an Indian Arid Zone

We assessed interactive effects of varying levels of applied phosphorus fertilizer and water stress on growth, productivity, and mineral accumulation in container-grown Dalbergia sissoo L. seedlings. Height, collar diameter, leaf size and area, root volume and total biomass were reduced, and dry matter allocation to root was increased with increasing levels of soil water stress. The reduction was >32% in growth, >50% in leaf, and >77% in biomass when seedlings were grown with <50% of soil field capacity. Phosphorus application at the level of 10 mg kg^?1 soil enhanced stems and leaf biomass and nutrient accumulation at all irrigation levels, and thus tolerance to drought. Phosphorus responses to growth and biomass production increased with irrigation levels. Thus, 20 mg P kg^?1 soil is beneficial at sufficient soil water availability and a lower dose (i.e., 10 mg P kg^?1) is recommended under high soil water stress conditions to benefit growth and productivity of D. sissoo.     

Effects of Simulated Acidic Precipitation and Aluminum on the Growth of Alnus glutinosa and Alnus hirsuta Seedlings and Their Nitrogen Fixation

This study was conducted to examine the effect of simulated acidic precipitation and aluminum treatment on the growth of Alnus species and the contents of nitrogen fixed by Frankia. The growth and nitrogen contents of Alnus species inoculated with nitrogen-fixing organisms were greater than those of noninoculated Alnus species when treated with simulated acidic precipitation. The nitrogen contents were higher in the soils used for the growth of Alnus glurinosa inoculated with Frankia than in those without Frankia inoculation when treated with either acidic precipitation or aluminum. The-development of root hairs treated with simulated acidic precipitation was poor as lhe pH level decreased, and the injury of A. glurinosa was more severe than that of Alnus hirsuta under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The growth and nitrogen contents of A. hirsura inoculated with Frankia were greater than those of non-inoculated species and A. glutinosa when treated with aluminum. The leaves of A. glutinosa became yellowish-brown and fell earlier. Under SEM and light microscopy, the surface layer of roots in both Alnus species was injured severely and the number of root hairs decreased as aluminum levels increased.